Before jumping into Transistors (pMOS and nMOS), we use physical switches as a stepping stone. Refer to Physical Representation of Boolean Values for how we know the output is Logic-0 or Logic-1

  • The physical switch, when opened, means the result has no voltage, yet it’s connected to ground = 0V = Logic-0.
  • When the physical switch is closed, then the current can flow; means 5Vs = Logic-0.

Using a similar circuit we can make some gates as circuits!